See excavation on Wiktionary
{
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"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
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"etymology_links": [
[
"excavātiō",
"excavatio#Latin"
],
[
"excavō",
"excavo#Latin"
],
[
"ex",
"ex#Latin"
],
[
"cavō",
"cavo#Latin"
],
[
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"cavus#Latin"
],
[
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],
[
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"vault"
],
[
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],
[
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"excavate#English"
],
[
"-ion",
"-ion#English"
]
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"etymology_text": "From Latin excavātiō (“a hollowing out”), from excavō (“to hollow out”), from ex + cavō (“to hollow out”), from cavus (“hollow”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱewh₁- (“vault, hole”). Equivalent to excavate + -ion.",
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"ref": "1924 March, E. J. Garwood, “Himalayan Glaciation”, in The Geographical Journal, volume LXIII, number 3, London: Royal Geographic Society, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 244:",
"text": "Prof. Dainelli made a personal study of the lakes of the Upper Indus lying between its confluence with the Gilgit on the west and the plains of Kashmir on the east. From this district he cites fifty lakes and groups of lakes. Many of these are moraine-dammed, but some of the larger ones, as the Satpor Tso, the Tso Moriri, the Chiun Tso, and the group of lakes associated with the Pángong Tso, he considers to have originated by glacial excavation.",
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"sense": "cavity formed by cutting, digging, or scooping",
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"sense": "cavity formed by cutting, digging, or scooping",
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"word": "kuoppa"
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{
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"code": "io",
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"lang_code": "io",
"sense": "cavity formed by cutting, digging, or scooping",
"word": "exkavuro"
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"code": "pl",
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"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "cavity formed by cutting, digging, or scooping",
"tags": [
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"word": "wykop"
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"code": "pt",
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"sense": "cavity formed by cutting, digging, or scooping",
"tags": [
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"word": "escavação"
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{
"_dis1": "11 11 65 2 8 1 1 0 1",
"code": "ru",
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"roman": "jáma",
"sense": "cavity formed by cutting, digging, or scooping",
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"word": "я́ма"
},
{
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"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "kotlován",
"sense": "cavity formed by cutting, digging, or scooping",
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"word": "котлова́н"
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"sense": "cavity formed by cutting, digging, or scooping",
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"word": "cavia"
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},
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"code": "de",
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"sense": "archaeological excavation",
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],
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],
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{
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"code": "it",
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"code": "la",
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"code": "pl",
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"plural"
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"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 13 11 77 0",
"code": "pt",
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"text": "In the same vein, Emirbayer and Desmond (2012) highlight the vital need for deeper scholarly reflexivity as regards race, advocating excavation of hidden presuppositions at social, disciplinary and scholastic levels.",
"type": "quotation"
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"tags": [
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{
"_dis1": "37 37 3 5 7 2 5 1 4",
"code": "de",
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"sense": "act of excavating, or of making hollow",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
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},
{
"_dis1": "37 37 3 5 7 2 5 1 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "act of excavating, or of making hollow",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"archaeology",
"history",
"human-sciences",
"sciences"
],
"word": "Ausgrabung"
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{
"_dis1": "37 37 3 5 7 2 5 1 4",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "ekskafí",
"sense": "act of excavating, or of making hollow",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "εκσκαφή"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 37 3 5 7 2 5 1 4",
"code": "grc",
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"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "anaskaphḗ",
"sense": "act of excavating, or of making hollow",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
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},
{
"_dis1": "37 37 3 5 7 2 5 1 4",
"code": "gu",
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"roman": "khodkām",
"sense": "act of excavating, or of making hollow",
"word": "ખોદકામ"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 37 3 5 7 2 5 1 4",
"code": "io",
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"word": "exkavo"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 37 3 5 7 2 5 1 4",
"code": "io",
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"lang_code": "io",
"sense": "act of excavating, or of making hollow",
"word": "exkavado"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 37 3 5 7 2 5 1 4",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "act of excavating, or of making hollow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
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{
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"sense": "act of excavating, or of making hollow",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
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{
"_dis1": "37 37 3 5 7 2 5 1 4",
"code": "ms",
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"sense": "act of excavating, or of making hollow",
"word": "penggalian"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 37 3 5 7 2 5 1 4",
"code": "ms",
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"sense": "act of excavating, or of making hollow",
"word": "pengorekan"
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"_dis1": "37 37 3 5 7 2 5 1 4",
"code": "ms",
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"word": "ekskavasi"
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"_dis1": "37 37 3 5 7 2 5 1 4",
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"sense": "act of excavating, or of making hollow",
"tags": [
"neuter"
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{
"_dis1": "37 37 3 5 7 2 5 1 4",
"code": "pt",
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"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "act of excavating, or of making hollow",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "escavação"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 37 3 5 7 2 5 1 4",
"code": "ru",
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"sense": "act of excavating, or of making hollow",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
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{
"_dis1": "37 37 3 5 7 2 5 1 4",
"code": "ru",
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"sense": "act of excavating, or of making hollow",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
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},
{
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"code": "ru",
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"tags": [
"feminine"
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"_dis1": "37 37 3 5 7 2 5 1 4",
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"tags": [
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],
"word": "cladhach"
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"_dis1": "37 37 3 5 7 2 5 1 4",
"code": "es",
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"tags": [
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],
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{
"_dis1": "37 37 3 5 7 2 5 1 4",
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"code": "te",
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"word": "తవ్వకము"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 37 3 5 7 2 5 1 4",
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"sense": "act of excavating, or of making hollow",
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{
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"Terms with Portuguese translations",
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"text": "Prof. Dainelli made a personal study of the lakes of the Upper Indus lying between its confluence with the Gilgit on the west and the plains of Kashmir on the east. From this district he cites fifty lakes and groups of lakes. Many of these are moraine-dammed, but some of the larger ones, as the Satpor Tso, the Tso Moriri, the Chiun Tso, and the group of lakes associated with the Pángong Tso, he considers to have originated by glacial excavation.",
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"(countable) The material dug out in making a channel or cavity."
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},
{
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}
],
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"sense": "act of excavating, or of making hollow",
"word": "kaivaminen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "act of excavating, or of making hollow",
"word": "kaivuu"
},
{
"code": "de",
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"sense": "act of excavating, or of making hollow",
"tags": [
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],
"word": "Grabung"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "act of excavating, or of making hollow",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"archaeology",
"history",
"human-sciences",
"sciences"
],
"word": "Ausgrabung"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "ekskafí",
"sense": "act of excavating, or of making hollow",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "εκσκαφή"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "anaskaphḗ",
"sense": "act of excavating, or of making hollow",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ἀνασκαφή"
},
{
"code": "gu",
"lang": "Gujarati",
"lang_code": "gu",
"roman": "khodkām",
"sense": "act of excavating, or of making hollow",
"word": "ખોદકામ"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"lang_code": "io",
"sense": "act of excavating, or of making hollow",
"word": "exkavo"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"lang_code": "io",
"sense": "act of excavating, or of making hollow",
"word": "exkavado"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "act of excavating, or of making hollow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "scavo"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "act of excavating, or of making hollow",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "excavatio"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"sense": "act of excavating, or of making hollow",
"word": "penggalian"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"sense": "act of excavating, or of making hollow",
"word": "pengorekan"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"sense": "act of excavating, or of making hollow",
"word": "ekskavasi"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "act of excavating, or of making hollow",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "wykopalisko"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "act of excavating, or of making hollow",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "escavação"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "kopánije",
"sense": "act of excavating, or of making hollow",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "копа́ние"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "rytʹjó",
"sense": "act of excavating, or of making hollow",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "рытьё"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "ekskavácija",
"sense": "act of excavating, or of making hollow",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "экскава́ция"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"sense": "act of excavating, or of making hollow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cladhach"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "act of excavating, or of making hollow",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "excavación"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "act of excavating, or of making hollow",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "utgrävning"
},
{
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"lang_code": "te",
"roman": "tavvakamu",
"sense": "act of excavating, or of making hollow",
"word": "తవ్వకము"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "act of excavating, or of making hollow",
"word": "kazı"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"roman": "kazma",
"sense": "act of excavating, or of making hollow",
"word": "قازمه"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "ízkop",
"sense": "cavity formed by cutting, digging, or scooping",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "и́зкоп"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "cavity formed by cutting, digging, or scooping",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bouwput"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "cavity formed by cutting, digging, or scooping",
"word": "kuoppa"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"lang_code": "io",
"sense": "cavity formed by cutting, digging, or scooping",
"word": "exkavuro"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "cavity formed by cutting, digging, or scooping",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "wykop"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "cavity formed by cutting, digging, or scooping",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "escavação"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "jáma",
"sense": "cavity formed by cutting, digging, or scooping",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "я́ма"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "kotlován",
"sense": "cavity formed by cutting, digging, or scooping",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "котлова́н"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "uglublénije",
"sense": "cavity formed by cutting, digging, or scooping",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "углубле́ние"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "cavity formed by cutting, digging, or scooping",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cavia"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "cavity formed by cutting, digging, or scooping",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "excavación"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "ízkop",
"sense": "uncovered cutting in the earth, in distinction from a covered cutting or tunnel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "и́зкоп"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "uncovered cutting in the earth, in distinction from a covered cutting or tunnel",
"word": "kuoppa"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "uncovered cutting in the earth, in distinction from a covered cutting or tunnel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Ausschachtung"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"lang_code": "io",
"sense": "uncovered cutting in the earth, in distinction from a covered cutting or tunnel",
"word": "kavajo"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "okóp",
"sense": "uncovered cutting in the earth, in distinction from a covered cutting or tunnel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "око́п"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "material dug out in making a channel or cavity",
"word": "kaivuujäte"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "material dug out in making a channel or cavity",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Aushub"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "raskópki",
"sense": "archaeological excavation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "раскопкі"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "razkópki",
"sense": "archaeological excavation",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "разко́пки"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "archaeological excavation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "excavació"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "wājué",
"sense": "archaeological excavation",
"word": "挖掘"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "fājué",
"sense": "archaeological excavation",
"word": "發掘 /发掘"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "archaeological excavation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "opgraving"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "archaeological excavation",
"word": "kaivaus"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "archaeological excavation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fouille"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "gatxra",
"sense": "archaeological excavation",
"word": "გათხრა"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "gatxrebi",
"sense": "archaeological excavation",
"word": "გათხრები"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "archaeological excavation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Ausgrabung"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "anaskafí",
"sense": "archaeological excavation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ανασκαφή"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "archaeological excavation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "scavo"
},
{
"alt": "はっくつ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "hakkutsu",
"sense": "archaeological excavation",
"word": "発掘"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "archaeological excavation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "excavatio"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "archaeological excavation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural"
],
"word": "wykopaliska"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "archaeological excavation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "escavação"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "raskópki",
"sense": "archaeological excavation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "раско́пки"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "archaeological excavation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "excavación"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "archaeological excavation",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "utgrävning"
},
{
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"lang_code": "ta",
"roman": "akaḻvāyvu",
"sense": "archaeological excavation",
"word": "அகழ்வாய்வு"
},
{
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"lang_code": "ta",
"roman": "akaḻvārāycci",
"sense": "archaeological excavation",
"word": "அகழ்வாராய்ச்சி"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "archaeological excavation",
"word": "kazı"
}
],
"word": "excavation"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "excavations",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "excavation f (plural excavations)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"French 4-syllable words",
"French countable nouns",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French feminine nouns",
"French lemmas",
"French nouns",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"excavation"
],
"links": [
[
"excavation",
"excavation#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɛk.ska.va.sjɔ̃/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-excavation.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/72/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-excavation.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-excavation.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/72/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-excavation.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-excavation.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"France",
"Lyon"
]
}
],
"word": "excavation"
}
Download raw JSONL data for excavation meaning in All languages combined (20.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.